♥Krmení koní♥
Váš kůň nebo pony, kterého vlastníte nebo se o něj staráte, potřebuje každý den přísun energie v podobě krmení.Ustájení koně a ponyové potřebují krmení alespoň 3x denně. Největší dávku by měli dostávat jako poslední. Koně mají rádi pravidelnost, proto se snažte svého koně či ponyho krmit pokaždé přibližně ve stejný čas. Samozřejmě každý kůň a pony má rád nějaké jiné krmení, proto vám nemůžu napsat, že zrovna nějaký druh krmení všem koním chutná. Prostě každý kůň nebo pony má jiný jazýček a potrpí si na jiné krmení.
-Koně potřebují asi 1 - 1,1 kg potravy na 45 kg váhy, zatímco ponyové jen asi 0,6 - 1 kg na 45 kg váhy.
-Pro většinu ponyů by poměr krmiva měl tvořit 30% koncentrovaného a 70% objemového krmiva.
-Koně krmte v menších dávkách a častěji. Kůň potom nebude tloustnout, ale vyběhá to.
-Nemůžete po čerstvě nakrmeném koni chtít nějakou těžkou práci. Měli byste ho nechat asi dvě hodiny vytrávit, potom ho můžete bez obav vzít ven.
-Také nesmíte zapomínat na pitný režim. Musíte koni a ponymu zajistit neustálý přísun pitné vody.
-Nenechávejte koně nebo ponyho více než 8 hodin bez krmiva.
OBJEMOVÉ KRMIVO
Běžnou formu objemného krmení je seno, což je usušená tráva. Existují dva druhy sena: seté seno a luční seno.
Seté seno je vhodné pro těžce pracující koně, protože je výživnější než luční seno. Vzniká sušením trav speciálně vysévaných každý rok, které obsahují rostliny jako je jílek vytrvalý a bojínek luční.
Luční seno se vyrábí z běžného porostu pastvin a je na dotek měkčí a zelenější než seno seté. Obsahuje rostliny různorodé a většinou méně výživné. Toto seno je vhodné pro koně, které vykonávají lehčí práci.
Novější typ objemového krmiva je ve formě silážního sena, což je seno neprodyšně uzavřené v plastikových pytlích. Hodí se zvláště pro koně s dýchacími problémy.
Silážní seno se může míchat se senem normálním, nebo zcela nahradit objemové krmivo.
Řezanka je seno buďto samotné, nebo smíchané s 1/3 ovesné slámy a rozřezané na malé kousky pomocí řezačky. Přidává se do krmení, aby se podpořilo žvýkání, a tím i trávení.
KONCENTRÁTY
Krmiva jako oves nebo ječmen se nazývají koncentráty. Jsou to energeticky bohatá krmiva.
Oves byl vždy považován za ideální obilninu pro koně. Jediná nevýhoda ovsa je nízký poměr mezi obsahem vápníku a fosforu, a proto musí být krmivo doplněno vápníkem, aby se vyvážil obsah minerálů. Oves je však také velmi energetický. Oves byste měli nejdříve mírně namačkat a pak během dvou tří týdnů spotřebovat.
Ječmen má vyšší energetickou hodnotu než oves, ale menší obsah vlákniny. Podává se mačkaný, ve formě vloček (tepelně upravený) nebo rozemletý na malé částečky (šrot). Celý ječmen byste neměli podávat, protože v tomto stavu je pro koně velmi špatně stravitelný. Měli byste ječmen namočit do horké vody, dokud zrno nerozpukne, nezměkne a nenabobtná.
Kukuřice má vysoký obsah škrobu, ale nízký obsah bílkovin a vlákniny. Většinou se podává ve formě vloček nebo drobných částic. Může být velmi výživná a krmí se jen v malých dávkách.
Otruby, vedlejší produkt při zpracování pšenice, obsahuje velké množství vlákniny a často se podává koním, kteří drží dietu s nízkým obsahem bílkovin nebo nepracují.
Lněné semínko je bohaté na tuky a často se podává ke zlepšení kvality srsti. Jestliže ho nejprve neuvaříme, je jedovaté (obsahuje kyselinu kyanovodíkovou). Přidává se v podobě rosolu do běžného krmiva nebo otrubové kaše.
Cukrová řepa je dobře stravitelný zdroj energie a vlákniny. Má vhodný poměr mezi vápníkem a fosforem a používá se ke zlepšení nerovnováhy těchto prvků v obilninách. Dřeň cukrové řepy se prodává v kostkách nebo nakrouhaná. Před krmením jí musíte namočit na 12 hodin do vody. Pokud dřeň namočíte nedostatečně, v koňském žaludku nabobtná s možnými fatálními důsledku.
Melasa je vedlejší produkt při výrobě cukru. Je tmavá a lepkavá a velmi chutná. Do krmení se přidává pro zvýšení energetické hodnoty, zlepšení kvality krmiva nebo k nalákání špatného jedlíka.
SLOŽENÁ KRMIVA
Koncentráty, které se dodávají po kostkách nebo hrubé směsi, jsou známy jako složené krmiva. Připravují se z celé řady součástí a představují vědecky podloženou vyváženou stravu. Jsou dodávány zvláště pro hříbata, březí klisny a závodní koně. Zvláště se hodí pro začátečníky, protože kvalitní složená krmiva usnadňují z velké části starosti s krmením.
Granule jsou drobné tabletky sušeného krmiva. Poskytují dostatek minerálů a vitamínů, které často v obilninách a píci chybějí.
Hrubá směs obsahuje obilniny a granule se směsí vitamínů a minerálů. Obilniny jsou předvařené, což je činí stravitelnějšími.
KRMIVOVÉ DOPLŇKY
Vitamíny a minerály jsou nezbytné pro růst a zdravý vývoj koně. Některé z nich zajišťují kvalitní pastva a sluneční světlo, jiné si tělo samo vytváří.
Líz, zavěšený na stěně stáje, poskytuje některé vitamíny a minerály, které v koňské potravě scházejí.
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It all started with Road Head
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